Following this, ictj helped algerian lawyers with an amicus brief challenging the constitutionality of the charter and the amnesty law. According to a report of french secret services in 1993, the gia was comprised of seventy groups leading noncoordinated actions in northern algeria. The war began slowly as it first appeared the government had successfully crushed the islamist movement, but armed groups emerged to fight jihad and. Algerias black decade still weighs heavily much like its neighbors, algeria faces high unemployment, corruption and poverty. The topic explores the causes of wars, as well as the way in which warfare was conducted, including types of war, the use of technology, and the impact these factors had upon the outcome. Two analyses by veteran algiers journalists abed charef and baya gacemi nicely complement martinezs scholarly work. As algerian civil war drags on, atrocities grow the new.
The algerian civil war, 19922002, affected all aspects of life in the country. January 27, 2000 in assault on islamic rebels, a bid to end algerias civil war by john f. Algerian culture and society were profoundly affected by years of colonial rule, by the bitter independence struggle, and by the subsequent broad mobilization policies of postindependence regimes. The algerian civil war ended almost twenty years ago, and approximately 54 percent of the population of algeria is under the age of 30.
A transient, nearly rootless society has emerged, whose cultural continuity has been deeply undermined. The algerian war, also known as the algerian war of independence or the algerian revolution was fought between france and the algerian national liberation front from 1954 to 1962, which led to algeria gaining its independence from france. How much are algerians hostage to their collective memory. Algerian women in the liberation struggle and the civil war. Implications for algerias regional and international relations dario cristiani and riccardo fabiani abstract rebranded in 2007, al qaeda in the islamic maghreb aqim is the latest incarnation of algerian radical islamism. The rentier state theory, by contrast, is mostly applied to middle eastern and south. Algeria has a long history of combatting domestic violent extremism. Since the early 2000s, the literature on algerian women has continued to expand. Oil, poverty, and large population work in concert to make algeria a likely victim of civil war onset in general. Violence, conspiracy theorizing and the algerian civil war jstor. Amnesty international, trying to gauge the devastation in. Representation, civil war and humanitarian intervention. Questioning the dirty war the algerian civil war began in 1992 after the algerian military staged a coup detat to prevent the islamic salvation front fis from winning the second round of. Abstractthe algerian civil war during the 1990s is considered to be one of the violent wars in.
Posted on august 7, 2015 by world peace foundation. There are conflicting reports about the death toll during the war against france for. Hymeredeth we ha algerian war remains a contentious event today. The website grew rapidly in breadth and depth and today forms a rich and valuable source of.
Algerian civil war mcgill university school of computer. Algerias war for independence from france, fought between. Algerias war of independence from france middle east. There is no such thing as a history of the algerian war. Middle school teachers of english in algeria home facebook. The first part gives an account of the events of the algerian civil war which took place from the riots of october 1988 to the beginning of the civil war which broke out following the interruption of the democratic process in 1992. Officially, the algerian civil war ended in 2005 when the population approved via a referendum the adoption of the. The war began slowly as it first appeared the government had successfully crushed the islamist movement, but armed groups emerged to fight jihad and by 1994, violence had. The violence that followed led to 10 years of civil war. Moreover, before the mass exodus to france, the french disarmed the harkis and left them behind. The arab leagues role in the syrian civil war inquiries. According to historian benjamin stora, one of the leading historians on the algerian war, memories concerning the war remain fragmented, with no common ground to speak of. There are conflicting reports about the death toll during the war.
The movement for independence began during world war i 191418 and gained momentum after french promises of greater selfrule in algeria went unfulfilled after world war ii 193945. It is estimated to have cost between 150,000 and 200,000 lives. Algerias mountain coverage is somewhat below the regional average, and if anything, lowers the expected probability of civil war. The algerian civil war which occurred in algeria in 1988 is the focus of this essay which is presented in three parts. The algerian civil war was a civil war in algeria fought between the algerian government and. In the words of one literary critic, the algerian war has been, in a sense, one big murder mystery. Why did the algerian civil war 19891999 descend into what has. In july 2006, we organized a meeting in brussels for algerian civil society and international human rights organizations to discuss transitional justice after the charter. Beginning with the outbreak of the algerian civil war in 1992, the government has worked to quash militant islamist groups operating within in its borders, including the armed islamic group gia and the salafist group for preaching and combat gspc, among others. The repercussions and longterm implications of this crisis must be understood in relation to algerias complex history and in particular its recent civil war experience. Pdf on jan 1, 2007, jonah schulhoferwohl and others published civil war in algeria, 1992present. A savage war of peace is the definitive history of the algerian war, a book that brings that terrible and complicated struggle to life with intelligence, assurance, and unflagging momentum. Public goods are what in democracies appear as roads, schools and hospitals, basically. Algeria, oil, civil war, resource curse, rentier state theory, context approach.
Oil and the eruption of the algerian civil war giga german. The algerian civil war was a civil war in algeria fought between the algerian government and various islamic rebel groups from 26 december 1991 following a coup negating an islamist electoral victory to 8 february 2002. Berber, situated in the western and central coastal regions in the barbary coast i. This topic focuses on the causes, practice and effects of war in the 20th century. The algerian civil war that began in 1992 has gained notoriety for.
The algerian civil war was an armed conflict between the algerian government and various islamist rebel groups which began in 1991. This securitybased discoursewarning of a civil war like the one that raged in the 1990sceased to be effective, however, for various reasons, including demographics. Harkis, now called french muslims of algerian descent, had. Literature, history, and the state addresses the way the algerian civil war has been portrayed in 1990s novelistic literature. Algerian war, also called algerian war of independence, 195462 war for algerian independence from france. Non ib diploma or certificate candidates may take ib history year i hl, as a one year, stand alone course in either their junior or senior year. In assault on islamic rebels, a bid to end algerias civil war. For this course, their transcript would read 20th century world history. Tamazigh as a second official language, taught in school and. Introduction the war between france and the algerian people, in the middle of the 20th century, was one of the deadliest and most cruel conflicts of its kind in that century. The following list ranks wars and times of war by their duration, including both historical and ongoing wars. Explaining the violence pattern of the algerian civil war, hicn working paper 43, households in conflict network, institute for development studies, march. The people of algeria were the true victims of this dirty war, as militias went berserk, individuals were liquidated without warning, and entire village.
Charefs point of departure is a massacre in august 1997 in a village in ain defla wilaya, an islamist stronghold some 100 miles southwest of algiers. An important decolonization war, it was a complex conflict characterized by guerrilla warfare, maquis fighting, and the use. Nationalism, for the algerian, pakistani and turkish militaries, is used to paper over the ethnic and linguistic differences of regional groups within the state. Algerian civil war started with sporadic attacks on military personnel and policemen that grew into an armed conflict with a variety of islamist groups. Algerian civil war, for which an excellent source would be martinez 2000. Much of the history of algeria has taken place on the fertile coastal plain of north africa, which is often called the maghreb or maghrib. The process of decolonization was particularly evident in the algerian civil war and the revolutionary war in vietnam. It is essential reading for our own violent times as well as a lasting monument to the historians art. It encompasses colonial wars, wars of independence, secessionist and separatist conflicts, major episodes of national violence riots, massacres, etc. Attention to the details of the algerian civil war also offers a promising opportunity to refine theories of. Algeria has a large military to counter foreign and domestic threats. Algerian civil war has been portrayed in 1990s novelistic literature. North africa served as a transit region for people moving towards europe or the middle east, thus, the regions inhabitants have been influenced by populations from other areas, including the carthaginians, romans, and vandals.
Centre for middle eastern studies, faculty of social science, lund. Pdf civil war in algeria, 1992present researchgate. This is a list of conflicts in africa arranged by country, both on the continent and associated islands, including wars between african nations, civil wars, and wars involving nonafrican nations that took place within africa. The conflict effectively ended with a government victory, following the surrender of the islamic salvation army and the 2002 defeat of the armed islamic group. When syrias civil war is debated at brussels conferences, the leagues role is largely neglected, 100 despite significant las efforts, especially during the first months. It was a conflict in which the civilian population was increasingly caught in the middle, becoming hostages to the two warring parties. However, a bloody and brutal civil war during the 1990s has left. Algeria, a gateway between africa and europe, has been battered by violence over the past halfcentury. Development in the middle east, 2 edition new york. The algerian civil war, known also as the dirty war, which lasted a decade in the 1990s and cost the lives of over 150,000 people, is remembered by algerians.
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